Forklift Inspection

Having been in the equipment sales business for nearly 30 years, I get asked a few questions on a consistent basis.

Most frequently I'm asked, "How do I know if I'm getting a quality piece of equipment?

Or "What should I be looking for when I buy that used iron?"

Well of course that depends on what you are looking for. There are different inspections that need to be done for different categories of equipment. And because there are so many types of equipment being manufactured today there isn't enough time to cover every one of them, at least not in one article.

What I will do though is address a different piece every month and hopefully that will answer the majority of your questions as we go through-out the rest of the year.

Of course if you have a specific question you can always call or e-mail me and if I don't know the answer, I can find the answer for you in short order.

This month let's start with Forklifts;

The most common type is the Industrial straight mast forklift. For the sake of space we'll concentrate on a 5,000 lbs capacity machine. But this really could apply to any standard straight mast machine.

Let's go right to the heart of any piece of equipment, the engine.

Check the oil level, and when you have the dip stick out of the engine, run the oil over your fingers, see if you feel any dirt or grit in the oil itself. Check the color. If it has a milky or watery look to it, you may have cooling system problems. How is the thickness of the oil? Is it fresh or has it lost its viscosity? Then finally smell it. Does it smell burnt or just smell like oil? This isn't as through as having an oil sample run, but as a quick inspection, it can tell you if the machine has been serviced lately.

Next let's take a look at the machines physical structure.

Inspect the mast. Look inside the channel where the different stages ride up and down.

Are there any shiny or worn spots? Any metal shavings present? Start the machine up. Does the mast move up and down smoothly or does it bind up? Does it chatter on the way down? Binding could mean a structural problem possibly even a bent mast or carriage assembly. Check out the hoses. Is there any excessive wear, cracked covering or leaks? Then inspect the lift cylinders and tilt cylinders. Look for pitting, scrapes or missing chrome on the rods themselves. This will eventually cause leaks. And of course check for obvious leaks. If the machine is equipped with a side shift operate that and check for all of the above on that cylinder as well.

Check the area where the mast connects to the forklift. Is it free of cracks and look well lubricated. Check out any pins and or bushings. Same thing, free of cracks and well lubricated? Check the carriage out itself. Is it bent? Does it have a back rest? And are the fasteners tight. Inspect the areas where the forks are attached. Does it look in good condition? Finally check the forks themselves. Are they straight? If they have holes cut in them, (for a trailer ball hitch) remember that may have changed the temper of the metal on the forks and cause them to be weaker.

Continue on with the structure inspecting the machines ROPs (roll over protection) to make sure it hasn't had something dropped on it or been flipped over on its side. Any damage here could cause you liability down the road if someone were to be injured due to a damaged ROPs.

Look at the back end of the machine to see if you can check the condition of the steer axle and steer cylinder. Check for leaks and any major play in the steering assembly, ball joints and axles.

Now it's time to operate the lift. Make sure the seat belt is in good condition and USE IT.

Start the machine again and check for the transmission operation. Forward and reverse. The machine should move smoothly without major delays or transmission slippage. Does it have an inching pedal? And does it operate correctly. Check the brakes. Also check the steering. Is it smooth without excessive play? There shouldn't be any offensive noises coming from the machine during these tests.

Operate all functions again on the forks, Lift up down, tilt forward and back and side shift side to side (if equipped). Some hydraulic sounds will be heard but it shouldn't be a growl or a scream.

There is nothing better than checking out a machine first hand to tell you if it's a good unit or if it's one that should be avoided at any price.

Remember:

You always get what you expect, when you take the time to inspect.

If these terms I've used are foreign to you, it might help to have your mechanic go with you to look at the machine. Or as always, you can call me if you need help with a machine.

Todd R. Moir is the owner and principal broker of equipwholesale and has been in the equipment industry since 1975. Working in the equipment rental industry gave Todd a solid background in how to buy and sell construction equipment. Contact him at todd@equipwholesale.com or at http://www.equipwholesale.com